​A. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION SKILLS AND CAREER EXPLORATION

OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
Throughout this course, students will:

1. demonstrate scientific investigation skills (related to both inquiry and research) in the four areas of skills (initiating and planning, performing and recording, analysing and interpreting, and communicating);
2. identify and describe a variety of careers related to the fields of science under study, and identify scientists, including Canadians, who have made contributions to those fields.
    

B. BIOLOGY: TISSUES, ORGANS, AND SYSTEMS OF LIVING THINGS

OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:

1. evaluate the importance of medical and other technological developments related to systems biology, and analyse their societal and ethical implications;
2. investigate cell division, cell specialization, organs, and systems in animals and plants, using research and inquiry skills, including various laboratory techniques;
3. demonstrate an understanding of the hierarchical organization of cells, from tissues, to organs, to systems in animals and plants.
    

C. CHEMISTRY: CHEMICAL REACTIONS

OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:

1. analyse a variety of safety and environmental issues associated with chemical reactions, including the ways in which chemical reactions can be applied to address environmental challenges;
2. investigate, through inquiry, the characteristics of chemical reactions;
3. demonstrate an understanding of the general principles of chemical reactions, and various ways to represent them.
    

D. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE: CLIMATE CHANGE

OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:

1. analyse some of the effects of climate change around the world, and assess the effectiveness of initiatives that attempt to address the issue of climate change;
2. investigate various natural and human factors that influence Earth’s climate and climate change;
3. demonstrate an understanding of natural and human factors, including the greenhouse effect, that influence Earth’s climate and contribute to climate change.
    

E. PHYSICS: LIGHT AND GEOMETRIC OPTICS

OVERALL EXPECTATIONS
By the end of this course, students will:

1. evaluate the effectiveness of technological devices and procedures designed to make use of light, and assess their social benefits;
2. investigate, through inquiry, the properties of light, and predict its behaviour, particularly with respect to reflection in plane and curved mirrors and refraction in converging lenses;
3. demonstrate an understanding of various characteristics and properties of light, particularly with respect to reflection in mirrors and reflection and refraction in lenses.